Cooling Effect of Adding Fins
This example models heated steam at a constant temperature of 120 C flowing through a aluminium pipe with 3 cm diameter. Heat loss to the surrounding cool air (at 25 C and heat transfer coefficient of h = 60 W/m2 C) is computed for a plain pipe, and also a pipe where 200 cooling fins per meter has been added. The …
Multi-Simulation Heat Exchanger
This tutorial model illustrates how one can couple the OpenFOAM CFD solver with the FEATool Multiphysics FEA solver. In the model a stream of cool air is heated while flowing through a tube and fin heat exchanger. Due to several symmetry planes only a small section of the full heat exchanger geometry actually needs to …
Modeling of Wind Flow Around Obstructions to Aid Wind Turbine Placement Decisions
Renewable energy such as solar and wind power is becoming increasingly important in reducing effects of global warming. The One Energy wind power company installs wind turbines on local properties instead of dedicated wind farms, in which case there are no industry standards how small single obstructions, such as from …
Space-Time Transformation of Heat Conduction
This example considers transient heat diffusion in a solid 1 m rod where one end is kept at T = 25 degrees and the other subject to constant heat flux q_n = 1. This one-dimensional time dependent problem is transformed to a static two dimensional one. The computed results can both be compared with the analytical …
Microstrip Transmission Line
A shielded electrical microstrip transmission line is fixed to a substrate and placed in a shielded container of air. The simulation applies a known voltage to the strip to calculate the resulting capacitance and compares this with the theoretical result. The problem assumes symmetry in the lengthwise direction so that …
Stress Distribution in a Solenoid
This multiphysics model examines how magnetic forces give rise to stresses in a long thick cylindrical solenoid. A current density of 106 A/m2 is running through a wound coil with 1 cm inner to 2 cm outer radii. The material of the coil is assumed to have a modulus of elasticity of 1.075⋅1011 N/m2 and Poisson’s …
Inductance in Parallel Wires
This example calculates the inductance between parallel wires. Two 1 m wires with 4 mm radius 1 A current are placed 0.5 m apart in a large domain of non-conducting air or vacuum. The inductance is computed with both using the magnetic field energy and flux linkage, and compared against the analytical solution L = …
Conducting Sphere
This verification example considers a perfectly conducting sphere placed between two charged capacitor plates. An axisymmetric solution for the electrostatic potential is compared with a full 3D one, and verified against the analytical solution U(xi) = E0*(r3/xi2 - xi), where the electrical field is the potential …
Thermal Bridge
This is a benchmark test case for modeling the steady-state temperature distribution in a thermal bridge in building construction. The model consists of a 6 mm concrete slab subjected to an outside temperature of 0 °C and heat loss due to convection. The inside features a 4 cm layer of air enclosed within a 1.5 mm …
Orthotropic Heat Conduction
This is an example of modeling anisotropic heat conduction in an orthotropic material where a heated solid bar suddenly is cooled by submerging it in a cool fluid. The material features different thermal conductivities in the x and y-directions which is accounted for by modifying the diffusion term in the heat transfer …